upcoming lectures, studies, conversations, and salons from the Pharos Foundation
Art & Wit in the Renaissance: Holbein, Erasmus, & More
Alexander Marr
Professor of Art History, University of Cambridge
4, 11, 18, 25 November
From the satirical barbs of Erasmus’s In Praise of Folly (1511) to the urbane games of Castiglione’s Il libro del cortegiano (1528), wit was a serious subject in the Renaissance, addressed in natural philosophy and medicine as the intellective part of the human soul, in artistic theory as the wellspring of creativity, and in criticism as one of the most important markers of authorial voice. Yet wit’s visual fortunes in the period have barely been explored.
Visual wit was a kind of pictorial ingenuity, through which artists sought to rebut the humanist claim that by imitating nature they were merely replicators, not inventors. Hans Holbein the Younger, in particular, engaged in a kind of guerilla warfare with the humanists he knew and portrayed, including Erasmus and Sir Thomas More, appropriating their ingenious techniques of ambiguity, self-contradiction, and disguise in a playful contest between painting and poetry.
This series of lectures will trace visual wit in Holbein’s hands, as he evoked breath, voice, and brain through cunning conceits such as More’s ambivalent half-smile and Erasmus’s keen nose. In so doing, we will touch on some major themes in sixteenth-century culture: the complex nature of ‘character’; disputes over biological and artistic parentage; the paradox of lively death; and the vexed relationship between the thinking mind and skilled hand.
Geopolitics & Political Thought in the Twentieth Century
Samuel Garrett Zeitlin
Professor of the History of Political Thought, University College London
Upcoming: Autumn 2024
In the second Pharos Tuesday Seminar, Samuel Garrett Zeitlin shifts the focus to the liberal conservative political theorist Raymond Aron, examining his relationship with the German jurist Carl Schmitt to draw out two vastly contrasting perspectives on the international politics of the last century. The first lectures will examine Schmitt’s analysis of the First World War, his critique of the League of Nations, and his characteristic approach to the history of political thought. The final lecture will consider Raymond Aron’s response to Schmitt’s political thought, particularly on matters of foreign policy international affairs, in Aron’s studies of Clausewitz and of international relations. The lectures will also consider the Schmitt-Aron correspondence.
Montenegro: Realm of the Black Mountain
Elizabeth Roberts
21 November 2024
A book launch and talk for the new edition of Elizabeth Roberts’s landmark history of Montenegro, Realm of the Black Mountain
Montenegro was admitted to the UN as its 192nd member in June 2006, thus recovering the independence it had lost nearly ninety years earlier at the Versailles Peace Conference. This is the first full-length history of the country in English for a century, tracing the history of the tiny Balkan state from its earliest roots in the medieval empire of Zeta through its consistently ambiguous and frequently problematic relationship with its larger neighbour Serbia, the emergence of a priest/warrior ruler in the shape of the Vladika and its emergence from Ottoman suzerainty state at the Congress of Berlin. More recently, the book focuses on its troubled twentieth century history, its prominent role in the Balkan wars, its unique deletion from world maps as an independent state despite being on the winning side in the Great War, its ignominious role in the wars leading to the disintegration of Yugoslavia and its final reemergence as a member of the international community on the anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo in 2006.
The African Emperor: Septimius Severus
Simon Elliott
15 October 2024
In this exclusive lecture, Dr Simon Elliott will give a preview of his new biography: The African Emperor: The Life of Septimius Severus (Penguin, 2025). The talk will focus on the northern campaigns of the early 3rd Century, when the ageing Severus launched a shock and awe assault on northern Britain so savage that it achieved eighty years of peace on Rome’s most troublesome border. He will narrate how, in these bloody campaigns, a force of 50,000 troops, supported by the fleet, cut a swathe through the Maeatae tribe around the former Antonine Wall and invaded Caledonian territory up to the Moray Firth. Over the course of the lecture, Simon will demonstrate how Severus was the first of the great reforming emperors of the Roman military, and that his reforms are explained in the context of how he concentrated power around the imperial throne.
Dr Simon Elliott is an award-winning archaeologist, historian, and broadcaster. He is Honorary Researh Fellow at the University of Kent.
Greece & Rome at War
Adrian Goldsworthy
Historian & Writer
Upcoming: Autumn 2024
There are traces of violence and warfare from the earliest periods of human history, and by the Classical era wars were common events and, along with politics, became the major concern of historians. Greeks defeated Persian invasions, then fought each other. Alexander swept through the Persian empire. Rome and Carthage waged war on an immense scale, and at the end of it the Carthaginian Republic was eradicated. Rome created and maintained through military force an empire embracing much of the known world.
Wars were important and shaped the development of the ancient world, but how should we understand them? Battles were major events, sometimes deciding wars, and were clearly important and need to be understood. Yet there was a lot more to ancient warfare than pitched battles, and it is vital to look at the attack and defence of fortified settlements and strongholds, and at lower level raids and skirmishes. The story of warfare in the Greek and Roman worlds is not simple, but remains of fundamental importance for understanding the era.
History and Film
Laurence Brockliss & Justin Hardy
Oxford University & Hardy Pictures
6 & 13 November 2024
Looking at the American and French Revolutions on film